Dashed left edge = started before this timeline ·
Dashed right edge = still ongoing
Events in 1613 2
1566 – 1613Carlo GesualdoItalian Renaissance composerCarlo Gesualdo was an Italian prince and composer notorious for his intensely chromatic madrigals and his personal life. His harmonic language was far ahead of his time.
1610 – 1613Galileo — sunspots and solar rotationThe Sun is not perfect — it rotates and has blemishesBetween 1610 and 1613, Galileo systematically observed and published his studies of sunspots, demonstrating that they were features on the surface of the Sun rather than planets passing in front of it. His observations of their movement proved the Sun rotates. The discovery that the supposedly perfect heavenly bodies were imperfect was another blow to Aristotelian cosmology.