1818

Events in 1818 8

• 1674 – 1818 Maratha Empire The Hindu power that broke Mughal supremacy Founded by the warrior-king Shivaji, the Maratha confederacy rose to challenge and then eclipse the declining Mughals, dominating much of India in the 18th century. Their power was checked by defeat at the Third Battle of Panipat (1761) and finally broken by the British in 1818.
• 1818 – 1893 Charles Gounod (1818-1893) Died 18 October 1893, aged 75 French composer best known for the opera "Faust" and the widely performed setting of "Ave Maria." He died at Saint-Cloud, near Paris.
• 1818 – 1848 Emily Brontë (1818-1848) Died 19 December 1848, aged 30 English novelist and poet whose only novel is Wuthering Heights, published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. She died of tuberculosis at Haworth Parsonage three months after her brother Branwell. Wuthering Heights is now considered a classic of English literature.
• 1818 – 1895 Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) Died 20 February 1895, aged about 77 Frederick Douglass escaped slavery to become a leading abolitionist, orator, and writer, and one of the most influential African American leaders of the 19th century. He advised presidents and campaigned for the rights of both Black Americans and women. He died of a heart attack in Washington, D.C.
• 1818 – 1883 Ivan Turgenev (1818-1883) Died 3 September 1883, aged 64 Turgenev was a Russian novelist and playwright best known for Fathers and Sons, a landmark work exploring generational conflict in 19th-century Russia. He spent much of his later life in France and was widely admired across Europe as a leading realist writer.
• 1818 – 1881 Alexander II The Liberator The most beloved Russian Tsar in Finland; his statue still stands in Helsinki Senate Square for his liberal reforms.
• 1818 – 1883 Karl Marx Philosopher and political theorist Marx developed theories of capitalism and class struggle that influenced global politics and economics.
• 1818 – 1883 Karl Marx Philosopher, Economist, and Revolutionary Socialist Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, and revolutionary socialist whose ideas laid the foundation for modern communism and profoundly shaped 20th-century politics, economics, and social theory. Co-author with Friedrich Engels of "The Communist Manifesto" and author of the multi-volume "Das Kapital," Marx developed the theory of historical materialism, arguing that class struggle drives historical change. His critique of capitalism, concept of alienated labor, and vision of a classless society inspired socialist and communist movements across the globe, from the Russian Revolution to anti-colonial struggles.