Dashed left edge = started before June 1859 ·
Dashed right edge = ongoing beyond June 1859
Events in June 1859 6
1773 – 1859Klemens von MetternichThe Architect of StabilityForeign Minister and Chancellor who dominated European politics through his conservative "Metternich System."
1859A Contribution to the Critique of Political EconomySketches the base-superstructure modelPublished in 1859, this work contains Marx's famous and concise statement of historical materialism in its preface, describing how the economic base of society (the mode of production) conditions the political, legal, and ideological superstructure. It served as a theoretical prelude to "Das Kapital," which Marx had begun drafting in earnest.
1859Comstock Lode silver deposit discoveredMajor silver strike found in NevadaProspectors discovered the Comstock Lode, a rich silver and gold deposit in the mountains of what is now Nevada. The find triggered a mining rush that led to the rapid growth of Virginia City and eventually helped fund Nevada's path to statehood. It became one of the most productive silver deposits in United States history.
1859Battle of MagentaFrench and Sardinian forces defeat Austria in LombardyFrench and Piedmontese-Sardinian troops defeated the Austrian army near Magenta, opening the road to Milan during the Second Italian War of Independence. The battle later gave its name to the magenta dye and color, discovered around the same time. Napoleon III personally commanded the French forces.
1859Battle of SolferinoBloody Franco-Sardinian victory over AustriaFranco-Sardinian forces defeated the Austrian army near Solferino in one of the largest battles fought in Europe since Leipzig. The carnage witnessed by Swiss businessman Henry Dunant directly inspired his campaign that led to the founding of the Red Cross. Roughly 300,000 troops took part and casualties exceeded 30,000.
1859Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightropeFrench acrobat walks a rope over the gorgeFrench tightrope walker Charles Blondin crossed the Niagara Gorge on a rope suspended 160 feet above the water, drawing large crowds on both the American and Canadian sides. He performed the feat repeatedly over the following weeks with increasingly daring variations, including carrying a man on his back. The stunts made him internationally famous.