Timeline July 1860

Events in July 1860 3

• 1800 – 1860 Charles Goodyear (1800-1860) Died 1 July 1860, aged 59 Charles Goodyear was an American inventor who developed the vulcanization process that made rubber commercially durable and usable. His discovery, patented in 1844, transformed manufacturing but left him financially ruined by litigation and debt. He died in New York City on 1 July 1860.
• 1860 Mount Lebanon Civil War and Damascus Massacre Sectarian conflict kills thousands of Christians in Ottoman Syria Fighting between Druze and Maronite Christian communities in Mount Lebanon escalated in the spring of 1860 and spread to Damascus, where a mob killed thousands of Christians in July. The violence prompted a French-led European military intervention and Ottoman reforms that created an autonomous Christian-governed Mount Lebanon. The crisis drew sustained international attention to the treatment of Christian minorities in the Ottoman Empire.
• 1860 – 1911 Gustav Mahler Late Romantic symphonist Austrian composer and conductor whose vast symphonies — especially the 5th, 9th and Das Lied von der Erde — pushed the Romantic symphony to its limits.