Timeline June 1916

Events in June 1916 14

• 1850 – 1916 Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850-1916) Died 5 June 1916, aged 65 Lord Kitchener was a British Field Marshal and Secretary of State for War, whose face became famous on the "Your Country Needs You" recruitment poster. He drowned when HMS Hampshire struck a German mine off Orkney while he was en route to Russia.
• 1916 The Battle of Jutland North Sea The only full-scale clash of battle fleets in the war. Britain lost more ships and men, but the German fleet returned to port and stayed there — which settled the blockade, and the war's outcome, more than any battle on land.
• 1916 Gravitational waves predicted Ripples in spacetime Einstein showed that his field equations allowed waves of curvature travelling at the speed of light. He doubted they would ever be detected, the effect being so absurdly small. He was right about the difficulty and wrong about the outcome.
• 1916 – 1918 The Arab Revolt -- Lawrence of Arabia and the Hashemites The Arab Revolt (June 1916 - October 1918) is organised by Britain and led by Sharif Hussein of Mecca, who is promised an independent Arab kingdom in return for rebelling against the Ottomans. T.E. Lawrence ('Lawrence of Arabia') serves as British liaison, coordinating Bedouin raids on the Hejaz Railway. The revolt ties down Ottoman forces in Arabia and the Levant, supports Allenby's advance through Palestine, and captures Damascus (October 1918). Britain's simultaneous promises to the Arabs (Hussein-McMahon correspondence), the Zionists (Balfour Declaration, 1917) and the French (Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916) create contradictions that shape the modern Middle East's conflicts.
• 1916 Brusilov Offensive Major Russian offensive against Austro-Hungarian forces Russian General Alexei Brusilov launched a massive offensive against Austro-Hungarian forces along the Eastern Front. It was one of the most successful Russian offensives of the war, inflicting huge casualties but exhausting Russian reserves in the process.
• 1916 The Brusilov Offensive Galicia, Eastern Front The most successful Russian operation of the war, and one of the most lethal offensives in history. It broke the Austro-Hungarian army as an independent force and exhausted Russia's own.
• 1916 Arab Revolt begins Sharif Hussein of Mecca rises against Ottoman rule Sharif Hussein bin Ali of Mecca launched an uprising against Ottoman rule with British backing. The revolt, later aided by T. E. Lawrence, sought Arab independence and contributed to the collapse of Ottoman control in the region.
• 1916 The Arab Revolt begins Hejaz, Ottoman Empire Sharif Hussein of Mecca rose against Ottoman rule with British backing, and a young officer named T. E. Lawrence attached himself to the campaign.
• 1916 The Arab Revolt begins Hejaz, Ottoman Empire Sharif Hussein of Mecca rose against Ottoman rule with British money and arms. Lawrence was sent to assess which of his sons was worth backing.
• 1916 – 2004 Francis Crick (1916-2004) Died 28 July 2004, aged 88 Crick co-discovered the double-helix structure of DNA with James Watson in 1953, a breakthrough that earned them the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He later worked on the theoretical basis of consciousness.
• 1916 – 2009 Robert McNamara (1916-2009) Died 6 July 2009, aged 93 McNamara served as US Secretary of Defense under presidents Kennedy and Johnson, overseeing the escalation of the Vietnam War before later becoming president of the World Bank. He later expressed regret over his role in the war in memoirs and the documentary The Fog of War. He remains one of the most consequential and controversial American officials of the Cold War era.
• 1916 – 2001 Dorothy McGuire (1916-2001) American actress, star of A Tree Grows in Brooklyn and Disney family films.
• 1916 Dorothy McGuire born in Omaha Dorothy McGuire is born in Omaha.
• 1916 – 2001 Herbert A. Simon (1916-2001) Died 9 February 2001, aged 84 Simon was a polymath who won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Economics for his theory of bounded rationality in decision-making. He was also a founder of the fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. He spent most of his career at Carnegie Mellon University.