1935

Events in 1935 130

• 1841 – 1935 Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (1841-1935) Died 6 March 1935, aged 93 Holmes served on the US Supreme Court for three decades and was famous for his dissents and his clear and present danger test. He died in Washington two days before his 94th birthday.
• 1848 – 1935 Hugo de Vries (1848-1935) Died 21 May 1935, aged 87 De Vries was a Dutch botanist who was one of the rediscoverers of Mendel's laws of heredity. He introduced the term mutation.
• 1850 – 1935 Charles Richet (1850-1935) Died 4 December 1935, aged 85 Richet was a French physiologist who won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on anaphylaxis.
• 1854 – 1935 Edward Carson (1854-1935) Died 22 October 1935, aged 81 Carson was an Irish unionist leader and barrister who led opposition to Irish Home Rule and prosecuted Oscar Wilde's libel case against Queensberry. He was given a state funeral in Belfast.
• 1855 – 1935 Ivan Michurin (1855-1935) Died 7 June 1935, aged 79 Michurin was a Russian plant breeder who developed hundreds of fruit varieties. Soviet ideology later held up his work as a model for agricultural science.
• 1857 – 1935 Juan Vicente Gómez (1857-1935) Died 17 December 1935, aged 78 Gómez was the dictator who ruled Venezuela from 1908 until his death. During his rule the country's oil industry was developed. He died in office in Maracay.
• 1857 – 1935 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) Died 19 September 1935, aged 78 Tsiolkovsky was a Russian pioneer of astronautics who worked out the rocket equation and the theory of multistage rockets. His work later inspired the Soviet space programme.
• 1858 – 1935 Adolph Ochs (1858-1935) Died 8 April 1935, aged 77 Ochs was the publisher who turned The New York Times into a leading newspaper and adopted its motto, All the News That's Fit to Print. He died in Chattanooga.
• 1859 – 1935 Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935) Died 12 July 1935, aged 75 Dreyfus was the French army officer whose wrongful conviction for treason caused the Dreyfus Affair. He was exonerated in 1906 and died in Paris.
• 1859 – 1935 Childe Hassam (1859-1935) Died 27 August 1935, aged 75 Hassam was a leading American Impressionist painter, known for his series of flag paintings and his street scenes of New York and Boston.
• 1859 – 1935 John Jellicoe (1859-1935) Died 20 November 1935, aged 75 Jellicoe was the British admiral who commanded the Grand Fleet at the Battle of Jutland. He later served as Governor-General of New Zealand.
• 1860 – 1935 Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) Died 17 August 1935, aged 75 Gilman was an American feminist writer and social theorist best known for the short story The Yellow Wallpaper. Terminally ill with cancer, she took her own life in Pasadena.
• 1860 – 1935 Jane Addams (1860-1935) Died 21 May 1935, aged 74 Addams was an American social reformer who founded Hull House in Chicago. In 1931 she became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 1862 – 1935 Billy Sunday (1862-1935) Died 6 November 1935, aged 72 Sunday was a professional baseball player who became the most famous American evangelist of the early 20th century and a strong supporter of Prohibition.
• 1863 – 1935 Arthur Henderson (1863-1935) Died 20 October 1935, aged 72 Henderson was a British Labour leader and Foreign Secretary who presided over the World Disarmament Conference. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1934.
• 1865 – 1935 Paul Dukas (1865-1935) Died 17 May 1935, aged 69 Dukas was a French composer and teacher, best known for the orchestral scherzo The Sorcerer's Apprentice. He died in Paris.
• 1867 – 1935 Józef Piłsudski (1867-1935) Died 12 May 1935, aged 67 Piłsudski was the founding statesman of the Second Polish Republic and its dominant figure after his 1926 coup. He died of liver cancer in Warsaw and was buried in Wawel Cathedral.
• 1868 – 1935 Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935) Died 14 May 1935, aged 67 Hirschfeld was a German physician and sexologist who campaigned early for homosexual and transgender rights. The Nazis destroyed his Institute for Sexual Science, and he died in exile in Nice on his birthday.
• 1868 – 1935 Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (1868-1935) Died 3 December 1935, aged 67 Victoria was the unmarried daughter of Edward VII and a favourite sister of George V. Her death is said to have deeply affected the King, who died seven weeks later.
• 1869 – 1935 Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935) Died 6 April 1935, aged 65 Robinson was an American poet who won three Pulitzer Prizes. He is known for Richard Cory and his poems about Tilbury Town.
• 1871 – 1935 Victor Grignard (1871-1935) Died 13 December 1935, aged 64 Grignard was a French chemist who discovered the Grignard reagents, which are widely used in organic synthesis. He shared the 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• 1873 – 1935 Henri Barbusse (1873-1935) Died 30 August 1935, aged 62 Barbusse was a French novelist whose First World War novel Under Fire won the Prix Goncourt. He later became a communist, and he died in Moscow.
• 1879 – 1935 Kazimir Malevich (1879-1935) Died 15 May 1935, aged 56 Malevich was a Russian avant-garde painter who founded Suprematism and painted Black Square. He died of cancer in Leningrad.
• 1879 – 1935 Will Rogers (1879-1935) Died 15 August 1935, aged 55 Rogers was a Cherokee-American humorist, film star and newspaper columnist, and one of the most popular entertainers of his time. He was killed with pilot Wiley Post when their plane crashed near Point Barrow, Alaska.
• 1882 – 1935 Emmy Noether (1882-1935) Died 14 April 1935, aged 53 Noether was a German mathematician who shaped modern abstract algebra and proved Noether's theorem, which links symmetries to conservation laws. After fleeing Nazi Germany she died at Bryn Mawr following surgery.
• 1883 – 1935 Charles Demuth (1883-1935) Died 23 October 1935, aged 51 Demuth was an American Precisionist painter known for I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold. He died in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
• 1885 – 1935 Alban Berg (1885-1935) Died 24 December 1935, aged 50 Berg was an Austrian composer of the Second Viennese School whose works include the opera Wozzeck. He died of septicaemia in Vienna shortly after finishing his Violin Concerto.
• 1888 – 1935 Fernando Pessoa Modernist Poet One of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century, famous for his use of heteronyms.
• 1888 – 1935 T. E. Lawrence Lawrence of Arabia, 1888–1935 Archaeologist, intelligence officer, guerrilla leader and, for the last thirteen years of his life, a serving airman under assumed names. Lawrence helped lead the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans, wrote one of the strangest books in English, spent the rest of his life trying to escape his own fame, and died in a motorcycle crash whose consequences outlived him.
• 1890 – 1935 Kurt Tucholsky (1890-1935) Died 21 December 1935, aged 45 Tucholsky was a German-Jewish satirist and journalist and one of the sharpest critics of the Weimar Republic's right wing. He died in exile in Sweden.
• 1893 – 1935 Huey Long (1893-1935) Died 10 September 1935, aged 42 The populist Louisiana senator and former governor was shot in the Louisiana State Capitol on 8 September and died two days later. His Share Our Wealth programme had made him a likely challenger to Roosevelt.
• 1898 – 1935 Wiley Post (1898-1935) Died 15 August 1935, aged 36 Post was the first pilot to fly solo around the world, in 1933, and a pioneer of high-altitude flight and the pressure suit. He died in the Alaska crash that also killed Will Rogers.
• 1905 – 1935 Queen Astrid of Belgium (1905-1935) Died 29 August 1935, aged 29 The Swedish-born queen consort of Leopold III was killed in a car crash near Küssnacht, Switzerland, while the King was driving. Her death caused deep mourning in Belgium.
• 1906 – 1935 Thelma Todd (1906-1935) American comedian, a foil for the Marx Brothers and Laurel and Hardy.
• 1934 – 1935 The Long March Mao Zedong leads the Communist Party on a 9,000 km retreat Surrounded by Nationalist forces, the Chinese Communist Party's Red Army undertook the Long March — a 9,000 km tactical retreat from Jiangxi to Yan'an in Shaanxi province (1934–35). Of the 86,000 who set out, fewer than 8,000 completed the journey. The march became a founding myth of Communist China and established Mao Zedong as the undisputed party leader.
• 1935 – 2024 Abdul Duke Fakir (1935-2024) Died 22 July 2024, aged 88 American singer and the last surviving original member of the Four Tops, one of Motown's greatest acts.
• 1935 – 2024 Alain Delon (1935-2024) Died 18 August 2024, aged 88 French actor of extraordinary beauty and coldness who was the defining male star of French cinema in the 1960s and 1970s.
• 1935 Alekhine loses title to Euwe Shock defeat to Dutch challenger Max Euwe defeated Alekhine 15½-14½ in a 30-game match in the Netherlands, one of the great upsets of chess history. Alekhine was reportedly struggling with alcohol at the time.
• 1935 – 2024 Carl Andre (1935-2024) Died 24 January 2024, aged 88 American sculptor associated with Minimalism, known for floor pieces of plain industrial units.
• 1935 – 2023 Chaim Topol (1935-2023) Died 8 March 2023, aged 87 Israeli actor who played Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof on stage and screen for four decades.
• 1935 – 2025 D. Wayne Lukas (1935-2025) Died 28 June 2025, aged 89 American horse trainer whose runners won fifteen Triple Crown races and twenty Breeders' Cup events.
• 1935 – 2025 David Lodge (1935-2025) Died 1 January 2025, aged 89 English novelist and critic best known for his satires of academic life, above all the Campus trilogy.
• 1935 – 2025 Dharmendra (1935-2025) Died 24 November 2025, aged 89 Indian actor whose range and delivery made him one of Bollywood's reigning stars through the 1960s and 1970s, above all in Sholay.
• 1935 – 2024 Donald Sutherland (1935–2024) Donald McNichol Sutherland (17 July 1935, Saint John, New Brunswick – 20 June 2024, Miami, Florida) was a Canadian actor whose career spanned six decades and encompassed more than 200 films and television productions. From the countercultural cool of M*A*S*H and Klute in the early 1970s to the menacing President Snow in The Hunger Games four decades later, he was one of cinema's most protean and compelling performers -- tall, angular, unsettling, capable of shifting from warmth to menace within a single scene. He won an Emmy and two Golden Globes but was never nominated for a competitive Academy Award, a slight rectified in 2017 when the Academy presented him with an Honorary Oscar "for a lifetime of indelible characters, rendered with unwavering truthfulness." He died on 20 June 2024, aged 88.
• 1935 – 2022 Jerry Lee Lewis (1935-2022) Died 28 October 2022, aged 87 American singer and pianist whose Great Balls of Fire made him one of rock and roll's founding figures.
• 1935 – 2023 Kenzaburo Oe (1935-2023) Died 3 March 2023, aged 88 Japanese novelist awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1994, whose work confronted the war, Hiroshima and disability.
• 1935 – 1958 King Faisal II (1935-1958) Died 14 July 1958, aged 23 The last King of Iraq, Faisal II was killed along with much of the royal family when army officers overthrew the monarchy in the 14 July Revolution. His death ended the Hashemite dynasty's rule in Iraq.
• 1935 – 2024 M. Emmet Walsh (1935-2024) Died 19 March 2024, aged 88 American character actor whose credits ran from Blade Runner and Blood Simple to Knives Out.
• 1935 Monopoly board game released Monopoly board game released Parker Brothers published Monopoly in 1935 after buying the rights from Charles Darrow, whose version was adapted from The Landlord's Game, patented by Lizzie Magie in 1904 to demonstrate how rent enriches landlords. The streets are those of Atlantic City. It became one of the best-selling board games ever made.
• 1935 – 2024 Phil Donahue (1935-2024) Died 18 August 2024, aged 88 American broadcaster who invented the issue-driven daytime talk show.
• 1935 – 2024 Seiji Ozawa (1935-2024) Died 6 February 2024, aged 88 Japanese conductor of exceptional energy who led the Boston Symphony for nearly three decades.
• 1935 – 1971 Vladislav Volkov (1935-1971) Died 30 June 1971, aged 35 Vladislav Volkov was a Soviet flight engineer who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions. He died with his crewmates aboard Soyuz 11 when a cabin valve failure depressurized the capsule during reentry. His death, alongside those of his crew, remains among the only fatal accidents to occur in space rather than during launch or landing.
• 1935 Richter scale introduced Charles Richter defines earthquake magnitude Seismologist Charles Richter published a logarithmic scale for measuring the size of earthquakes in southern California. The Richter magnitude scale became the standard public measure of earthquakes for decades.
• 1935 – 1977 Elvis Presley (1935-1977) American singer and actor, known as the King of Rock and Roll. His mix of country, blues and gospel made him the defining star of early rock and roll, and he remains one of the best-selling solo artists in history.
• 1935 Earhart flies solo from Hawaii to California First solo flight across the Pacific to the mainland Amelia Earhart flew alone from Wheeler Field, Honolulu, to Oakland, California, in about 18 hours. She was the first person to make the flight solo.
• 1935 Saar plebiscite Saarlanders vote to rejoin Germany In a League of Nations-supervised referendum, about 90 percent of voters in the Saar Territory chose reunification with Germany. The territory had been run by the League since the Treaty of Versailles. It was formally returned to Germany on 1 March.
• 1935 Zunyi Conference Mao Zedong gains influence in the Chinese Communist Party Chinese Communist leaders met in Zunyi, Guizhou, during the Long March. They criticised the military leadership of Bo Gu and Otto Braun. Mao Zedong emerged with greater influence over military strategy, which set him on the path to leading the party.
• 1935 – present Geraldine de Haas American Jazz Singer & Impresario American jazz singer and concert organiser known as the Jazz Lady, who was the driving force behind the creation of the Chicago Jazz Festival. Born in Newark, New Jersey, she performed internationally as part of the vocal trio Andy and the Bey Sisters before settling in Chicago and devoting her life to promoting jazz. She founded Jazz Unites, Inc. and the Jazzfest at the South Shore Cultural Center, and received the Jazz Journalists Association Jazz Hero Award.
• 1935 First canned beer sold Krueger's beer goes on sale in cans The Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company, working with the American Can Company, began selling canned beer in Richmond, Virginia. It was the first beer sold in cans, and canning spread quickly across the industry.
• 1935 – 2022 Paula Rego Visual Artist World-renowned painter and printmaker known for her dark, storytelling-based artworks.
• 1935 Prontosil antibacterial published Gerhard Domagk reports the first sulfa drug Gerhard Domagk published his finding that the dye Prontosil cured streptococcal infections in mice. It was the first commercially available antibacterial drug and began the era of sulfonamides.
• 1935 – 1998 Sonny Bono (1935-1998) Died 5 January 1998, aged 62 Sonny Bono, singer and later a US Congressman from California, died in a skiing accident at Heavenly Ski Resort in South Lake Tahoe on 5 January 1998. He had risen to fame in the 1960s as half of the duo Sonny & Cher before entering politics.
• 1935 Daventry radar experiment Radio waves detect an aircraft Robert Watson-Watt and Arnold Wilkins showed that radio waves reflected from a bomber could be detected, using the BBC transmitter at Daventry. The result led directly to Britain's Chain Home radar network.
• 1935 Nylon first synthesised Wallace Carothers produces nylon 6,6 at DuPont DuPont chemist Wallace Carothers and his team first produced nylon 6,6, the first fully synthetic fibre to become a commercial success. It went on sale in toothbrushes and stockings a few years later.
• 1935 – 2025 Jimmy Swaggart (1935-2025) Died 1 July 2025, aged 90 American televangelist and gospel performer defrocked by the Assemblies of God in 1988 after a sex scandal.
• 1935 Germany reintroduces conscription Hitler openly repudiates Versailles disarmament Hitler announced the reintroduction of military conscription and a planned army of 36 divisions, in open breach of the Treaty of Versailles. The announcement came days after the existence of the Luftwaffe was revealed. Britain, France and Italy protested but took no action.
• 1935 Persia renamed Iran Reza Shah asks foreign states to use the name Iran At the request of Reza Shah, foreign governments began to use the name Iran in place of Persia from Nowruz 1935. Iran was the name the country's people had long used for their land.
• 1935 Triumph of the Will premieres Leni Riefenstahl's Nazi propaganda film Leni Riefenstahl's documentary of the 1934 Nuremberg rally premiered in Berlin. It is regarded as one of the most technically innovative, and most notorious, propaganda films ever made.
• 1935 1935 World Snooker Championship Joe Davis Title 9 Winner: Joe Davis; Runner-up: Willie Smith. Score: 25–20.
• 1935 – present Roger Sweet Toy designer, creator of He-Man, 1935–2026 Roger Sweet (1935–2026) — the American toy designer who created He-Man and the Masters of the Universe franchise at Mattel, generating over $1.2 billion in worldwide sales from a prototype built from a Big Jim action figure and a handful of clay. He died on 28 April 2026, just weeks before the release of a new live-action He-Man film.
• 1935 Stresa Front Britain, France and Italy align against German rearmament At a conference in Stresa, Italy, the leaders of Britain, France and Italy condemned German rearmament and affirmed Austrian independence. The agreement fell apart within months over the Anglo-German Naval Agreement and the Italian invasion of Ethiopia.
• 1935 Black Sunday dust storm Worst dust storm of the Dust Bowl A huge dust storm swept across the southern Great Plains and turned day into night across Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas. The storm moved millions of tons of topsoil. It gave the region the name Dust Bowl.
• 1935 – 2002 Dudley Moore (1935-2002) Died 27 March 2002, aged 66 Dudley Moore rose through the satirical revue Beyond the Fringe and a long comic partnership with Peter Cook before Hollywood stardom in the films 10 and Arthur. A gifted jazz pianist, he often performed music alongside his acting. His final years were affected by the degenerative brain disease progressive supranuclear palsy.
• 1935 April Constitution of Poland Strong presidency established Poland adopted a new constitution that concentrated power in the presidency. It was signed shortly before the death of Józef Piłsudski. It stayed in force during the government-in-exile after 1939.
• 1935 Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance France and the USSR pledge mutual aid France and the Soviet Union signed a five-year pact promising assistance if either was attacked by a European state. Hitler later cited its ratification as his justification for remilitarising the Rhineland.
• 1935 Silver Jubilee of George V Britain celebrates 25 years of the King's reign Britain and the Empire marked the 25th anniversary of George V's accession with a service at St Paul's Cathedral and celebrations across the country.
• 1935 Works Progress Administration created New Deal agency to employ millions Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order. Over eight years it employed millions of Americans building roads, bridges, schools and public buildings, and it also funded arts and writing projects.
• 1935 The crash Dorset, United Kingdom Riding his Brough Superior back from the post office, Lawrence crested a dip in the road, met two boys on bicycles, swerved to avoid them and was thrown over the handlebars. He was not wearing a helmet, and almost nobody did.
• 1935 EPR paradox paper Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen challenge quantum mechanics Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen argued in Physical Review that quantum mechanics was incomplete. The thought experiment raised the problem of quantum entanglement, which became central to later physics.
• 1935 Moscow Metro opens First line of the Soviet capital's underground The first line of the Moscow Metro opened to the public, running from Sokolniki to Park Kultury. Its lavishly decorated stations were a showcase of Stalinist architecture.
• 1935 Lawrence dies Bovington, United Kingdom He never regained consciousness and died six days after the crash, aged 46. Churchill wept at the funeral; the neurosurgeon who had attended him spent the next six years thinking about why he died.
• 1935 – 2025 Jose Mujica (1935-2025) Died 13 May 2025, aged 89 Uruguayan politician who was president from 2010 to 2015, having spent years imprisoned for his guerrilla activity with the Tupamaros. He became known worldwide for his austere personal life.
• 1935 First Major League night game Cincinnati hosts baseball under lights The Cincinnati Reds beat the Philadelphia Phillies at Crosley Field in the first Major League Baseball game played under floodlights. President Roosevelt switched on the lights remotely from the White House.
• 1935 Jesse Owens sets records in 45 minutes Three world records and an equalled record at Ann Arbor At the Big Ten championships in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Jesse Owens set three world records and equalled a fourth within about 45 minutes. It is often called the greatest single performance in athletics history.
• 1935 Schechter Poultry v. United States Supreme Court strikes down the NIRA In a unanimous decision, the US Supreme Court ruled the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional. It was a major setback for the early New Deal, and the day became known as Black Monday.
• 1935 SS Normandie maiden voyage French liner wins the Blue Riband The French Line's Normandie, then the largest and fastest passenger ship in the world, sailed from Le Havre to New York. It won the Blue Riband for the fastest Atlantic crossing on its first voyage.
• 1935 Babe Ruth plays his final game Baseball's greatest slugger leaves the field Babe Ruth played his last Major League game for the Boston Braves against the Philadelphia Phillies. He announced his retirement days later, holding a record 714 career home runs.
• 1935 Quetta earthquake Earthquake destroys Quetta A powerful earthquake struck Baluchistan in British India and almost completely destroyed the city of Quetta. Between 30,000 and 60,000 people were killed.
• 1935 Baldwin succeeds MacDonald Stanley Baldwin becomes British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, in failing health, stepped down as head of the National Government. Stanley Baldwin became Prime Minister for the third time.
• 1935 Alcoholics Anonymous founded Bill Wilson and Bob Smith start AA in Akron AA dates its founding to the day Dr Bob Smith had his last drink after meeting Bill Wilson in Akron, Ohio. Their mutual-support method grew into a worldwide twelve-step fellowship.
• 1935 Chaco War truce Bolivia and Paraguay stop fighting Bolivia and Paraguay signed a ceasefire protocol in Buenos Aires that ended the fighting in the Chaco War, which had begun in 1932. The war killed around 100,000 people, and Paraguay gained most of the disputed Gran Chaco region.
• 1935 – 2020 Christo (1935-2020) Died 31 May 2020, aged 84 Christo was a Bulgarian-born artist known, with his late wife Jeanne-Claude, for large-scale environmental installations such as wrapping the Reichstag and the Pont Neuf. He died on 31 May 2020 while working on a planned wrapping of the Arc de Triomphe.
• 1935 Anglo-German Naval Agreement Britain accepts German fleet at 35% of its own Britain agreed that Germany could build a navy up to 35 percent of the Royal Navy's tonnage, with parity allowed in submarines. By signing a bilateral deal with Germany, Britain undermined the Stresa Front and the Versailles limits.
• 1935 – 2020 David Prowse (1935-2020) Died 28 November 2020, aged 85 David Prowse was an English bodybuilder and actor who physically portrayed Darth Vader in the original Star Wars trilogy, though James Earl Jones supplied the character's voice. He died on 28 November 2020.
• 1935 Billie Holiday records with Teddy Wilson What a Little Moonlight Can Do The start of her classic small-group recordings.
• 1935 National Labor Relations Act Wagner Act guarantees the right to unionise Roosevelt signed the Wagner Act, which guaranteed private-sector workers the right to organise, bargain collectively and strike. It also created the National Labor Relations Board to enforce these rights.
• 1935 First parking meter installed Oklahoma City introduces coin-operated parking The world's first parking meter, designed by Carl Magee, was installed in Oklahoma City. Coin-operated parking meters soon spread to cities worldwide.
• 1935 – 2019 Diahann Carroll (1935-2019) Died 4 October 2019, aged 84 Diahann Carroll was an American actress and singer who became the first Black woman to star in her own non-servant television series with Julia in 1968. She won a Tony Award and was Oscar-nominated for Claudine. She died in Los Angeles of cancer.
• 1935 – present Pat Oliphant Political Cartoonist Australian-born American political cartoonist who was the most widely syndicated editorial cartoonist in the world for decades, with his work appearing in over 500 newspapers. He won the Pulitzer Prize for editorial cartooning in 1967 and revolutionised the art form by introducing a cinematic horizontal format and a devastating satirical wit. His trademark penguin, Punk, offered sardonic commentary from the margins of his cartoons. He skewered every president from Lyndon B. Johnson to Donald Trump across a career spanning over fifty years.
• 1935 Seventh World Congress of the Comintern Communists adopt the Popular Front strategy The Communist International met in Moscow and dropped its policy of attacking social democrats. Georgi Dimitrov set out a new line calling for broad anti-fascist Popular Fronts. The shift shaped left-wing politics in France and Spain.
• 1935 Penguin Books launched Allen Lane publishes the first Penguin paperbacks Allen Lane released the first ten Penguin paperbacks at sixpence each, including Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms. The cheap, well-designed reprints made quality books affordable for a mass readership.
• 1935 Government of India Act Provincial autonomy for British India The British Parliament passed the longest act in its history up to that time. It gave Indian provinces elected, self-governing ministries and proposed an all-India federation. It also separated Burma from India, and parts of it formed the basis of India's later constitution.
• 1935 Social Security Act signed Roosevelt creates US old-age pensions President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act. It set up federal old-age benefits, unemployment insurance and aid to dependent children. It became the foundation of the American welfare state.
• 1935 – 2011 Geraldine Ferraro (1935-2011) Died 26 March 2011, aged 75 The American politician became the first woman nominated for vice president on a major party ticket when Walter Mondale chose her as his running mate in 1984. She served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing New York. She died in Boston of complications from multiple myeloma.
• 1935 – 2001 John Phillips (1935-2001) Died 18 March 2001, aged 65 Phillips was the songwriter and leader of The Mamas & the Papas, writing hits including California Dreamin' and Monday, Monday. He also wrote San Francisco for Scott McKenzie and helped organise the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival. Drug addiction derailed much of his later career.
• 1935 Neutrality Act of 1935 US bans arms sales to warring nations Congress passed and Roosevelt signed the first Neutrality Act, which imposed an embargo on arms exports to all countries at war. It reflected strong isolationist feeling in the United States as war loomed in Europe and Africa.
• 1935 Stakhanov's record shift Soviet miner launches the Stakhanovite movement Coal miner Alexei Stakhanov was reported to have cut 102 tons of coal in a single shift, about 14 times the quota. The Soviet state used the feat to launch a campaign that pressed workers to exceed their production targets.
• 1935 Labor Day hurricane Category 5 hurricane strikes the Florida Keys One of the most intense hurricanes on record in the Atlantic made landfall in the upper Florida Keys. It killed more than 400 people, including over 250 First World War veterans working in federal relief camps. It also destroyed the Overseas Railroad.
• 1935 Campbell breaks 300 mph Bluebird sets land speed record at Bonneville Malcolm Campbell drove Bluebird to an average of 301 mph on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah. He was the first person to go faster than 300 mph on land.
• 1935 – present Arvo Pärt Estonian minimalist composer Estonian composer who developed the tintinnabuli style, a meditative minimalist approach. His Spiegel im Spiegel and Für Alina are widely beloved.
• 1935 Nuremberg Laws enacted Nazi Germany strips Jews of citizenship The Reichstag, meeting at the Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg, passed the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour. The laws deprived German Jews of citizenship and banned marriage and sexual relations between Jews and non-Jewish Germans. They gave legal form to the racial persecution that later led to the Holocaust.
• 1935 – 2001 Ken Kesey (1935-2001) Died 10 November 2001, aged 66 Kesey wrote One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, drawing on his work as an aide in a psychiatric ward, and Sometimes a Great Notion. He then largely abandoned fiction to lead the Merry Pranksters, whose LSD-fuelled bus trip was chronicled by Tom Wolfe. He linked the Beat generation to the 1960s counterculture.
• 1935 Hoover Dam dedicated Roosevelt dedicates Boulder Dam President Roosevelt dedicated the dam on the Colorado River at the border of Nevada and Arizona. At the time it was the largest concrete structure in the world. It controls floods and supplies water and hydroelectric power to the American Southwest.
• 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia Start of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War Italian forces under Emilio De Bono crossed from Eritrea into Ethiopia without a declaration of war. Mussolini aimed to avenge the defeat at Adwa in 1896 and to expand Italy's East African empire. The invasion exposed the weakness of the League of Nations.
• 1935 Porgy and Bess opens on Broadway Gershwin's folk opera premieres in New York George Gershwin's opera, with libretto by DuBose Heyward and lyrics by Ira Gershwin, opened at the Alvin Theatre. Songs from it, including Summertime, became American standards.
• 1935 – 2007 Luciano Pavarotti King of the High Cs Operatic tenor who became one of the most commercially successful tenors of all time.
• 1935 Canadian federal election Mackenzie King returns to power William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberals defeated R. B. Bennett's Conservatives by a wide margin. King stayed Prime Minister until 1948.
• 1935 – 2003 Edward Said (1935-2003) Died 25 September 2003, aged 67 Edward Said was a literary scholar at Columbia University whose 1978 book 'Orientalism' reshaped the study of how the West depicts the East and helped found postcolonial studies. A Palestinian-American, he was also a leading advocate for Palestinian rights and an accomplished pianist.
• 1935 Greek monarchy restored Referendum brings back King George II After a military coup led by Georgios Kondylis, a heavily manipulated referendum approved restoring the Greek monarchy. George II returned to Athens later in November.
• 1935 – 1999 King Hussein of Jordan (1935-1999) Died 7 February 1999, aged 63 King Hussein bin Talal ruled Jordan for 46 years, one of the longest reigns of any modern monarch. He played a central role in Middle East diplomacy, signing a peace treaty with Israel in 1994. He died of complications from lymphatic cancer at age 63.
• 1935 UK general election National Government re-elected under Baldwin The Conservative-dominated National Government led by Stanley Baldwin won a large majority. Labour, under its new leader Clement Attlee, recovered many of the seats it had lost in 1931.
• 1935 Commonwealth of the Philippines inaugurated Manuel Quezon becomes first president The Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated in Manila as a transitional government on the way to full independence from the United States. Manuel L. Quezon was sworn in as its first president.
• 1935 League of Nations sanctions on Italy Economic sanctions over the Ethiopian invasion The League of Nations imposed economic sanctions on Italy after declaring it the aggressor against Ethiopia. The sanctions left out oil, and the Suez Canal stayed open to Italian shipping. They did little to slow the Italian campaign.
• 1935 First Labour government in New Zealand Michael Joseph Savage wins by a landslide The New Zealand Labour Party won a large majority in the general election. Michael Joseph Savage formed the country's first Labour government, which went on to build an extensive welfare state.
• 1935 Schrödinger's cat Schrödinger publishes his famous thought experiment Erwin Schrödinger published a paper on the state of quantum mechanics that included the thought experiment of a cat that is both alive and dead. He meant it to show how absurd the Copenhagen interpretation became when applied to everyday objects.
• 1935 Hoare-Laval Pact Secret plan to hand much of Ethiopia to Italy British Foreign Secretary Samuel Hoare and French Prime Minister Pierre Laval agreed on a plan that would have given Italy large parts of Ethiopia. The plan was leaked to the French press, and the public outcry forced Hoare to resign. The affair badly damaged the credibility of collective security.
• 1935 December 9th Movement Beijing students protest Japanese encroachment Thousands of students in Beijing demonstrated against Japanese moves toward North China and against the Nationalist government's appeasement policy. The protests spread across China and strengthened calls for a united front against Japan.
• 1935 – 2020 Pranab Mukherjee (1935-2020) Died 31 August 2020, aged 84 Pranab Mukherjee served as the 13th President of India from 2012 to 2017 after a long career as a senior Congress party minister. He died on 31 August 2020 after contracting COVID-19 and suffering complications from brain surgery.
• 1935 – 1991 Lee Remick (1935-1991) American actress, star of Anatomy of a Murder, Days of Wine and Roses and The Omen.
• 1935 – 2005 Gnassingbe Eyadema (1935-2005) Died 5 February 2005, aged 69 Gnassingbe Eyadema, president of Togo for 38 years, died on 5 February 2005 while in office, making him one of Africa's longest-serving heads of state. His death triggered a disputed military-backed succession by his son, Faure Gnassingbe, that drew international condemnation. Eyadema had ruled Togo since seizing power in a coup in 1967.